Low Life Expectancy in Developing Country of Nigeria

Life expectancy estimates the equivalent years in full health that a person can expect to live on the basis of the current mortality rates and prevalence distribution of health states in the population (W.H.O 2012). It has increased in the west; however, the same cannot be said for developing countries due to increase in diseases such as HIV/AIDS. This essay will look at the main causes of these problems and give possible solutions, taking Nigeria as a case study, where life expectancy is 52 years with a rank of 182 out of 194 nations (WORLD HEALTH REPORT 2000). It will conclude by arguing that media and government need to take a more active approach to tackle these problems in developing countries. Nigeria has over 160 million people and one of the major problems effecting life expectancy is the HIV virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This is a virus that attacks the human body immune system and destroys the body’s defense mechanism, thereby making it vulnerable to other diseases and virus. Government claims an estimated 300,000 people die yearly of AIDS related diseases annually and over 1.5 million children are made orphans as a result. About 8 million people are expected to have the virus by 2012.Government officials say there has been prevalence in HIV from 1.8% in 1998 to 5.8% in 2001, 5.0% in 2003 and 4.4% in 2005(Nigerian HIV info 2006). Research shows that there are a lot of issues contributing to the rise in HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, poverty andShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Countries Through Data Accumulations1458 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing countries through data accumulations is a popular way to make informed decisions on the behalf of the inhabit ants and to understand the demographic situations of those areas. 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Foundation of Management Organizational Productivity

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Managementfor Organizational Productivity. Answer: Introduction Organizational productivity varies due to different organizational cultures and different organizational policies. Moreover, operations of an organization are always subjected to the circumstances of the external environment. Considering this particular scenario, it is to say that management of any business organization could not practice one individual policy or system for a long time. Management operations should be changed or modified due to different internal and external circumstances. The following paper is aiming to construct a critical argument for understanding whether there is only one best way for management or not. To accomplish this individual purpose, the assignment hereby is desiring to support the statement that says that there is only one individual way for managing the workforce and at the same will contradict it with relevant concepts. The essay has decided to evaluate the favorable side of the statement by discussing about mass production, standardization if produ cts and the aspect of efficiency. On the other hand, in terms of disapproval, the paper will display the inefficiency of the statement by analyzing different types of production procedures, technical systems, organizational goals, and types of employee in addition, the frequency of uncertainty in business. In Favor Mass Production It can be considered that there is only one constant way for management if one looks at organizational desires to acquire mass production. In this respect, it is to denote with utmost priority that production of a distinct product on a bulky amount of standardized products in an efficient way. It is to regard in the sense that the entire idea of mass communication has been derived from the time of industrial evolution when the company owners realized the significance of large-scale production along with the importance of having an apt organizational management. Following the theoretical concept of scientific management, mass production can be accomplished through the efficient input of the labors (Marsh 2012). Therefore, it is indicative of the fact that to acquire mass production, there is only one-way to manage and achieve, which is active and effective labor engagement. However, it would be completely wrong to perceive the fact that labors are in charge of production operation as they have the sole responsibility to conform the tasks, which are determined scientifically. Standardized Products The concept of product standardization is intertwined with mass production as the phrase product standardization refers to the process of homogenizing the items, which are desirable to most of the customers and infuse them into one. The fundamental aim is therefore to reduce the buying choices of the customer and focused on to one particular product that carries near about all the desirable features. Hence, it is understandable that the ultimate aim of the process of standardizing product is to earn customer attention and acquire mass production (Baud-Lavigne et al. 2012). Therefore, it is also assumable that the process of standardizing product could be accomplished only through labor efficiency. Here, it is required to underpin that labor efficiency is driven by standardization of every working condition within an organization (Smith 2012). It is necessary to keep in mind in this sense that standardized working condition is affordable through the principles coined by Taylor in his concept regarding scientific management. According to the concept, scientific selection, cooperation between managers and labors and equal division of work are some of the most significant principles those can only standardize work. Thus, it can be said that the only way for standardizing products is to standardize work conditions. Efficiency is Paramount As mass production and standardization of a product are possible through efficient labor input, therefore it can be perceived that similarly like these, two mentioned aspects, labor efficiency can be driven through only one way. The concept that says that efficiency is the paramount of achievement is aptly applicable for organizational productivity. According to Winslaw Taylor, it is true that there is only one distinct way for having mass production with standardized product, which is to sufficiently analyze and improvise one task before allocating it to the labor (El-Haber 2016). More specifically, in Taylors words, the only best way to increase efficiency in terms of tasks, which is the scientific management as it erase chance of uncertainty and removes every possible variables (El-Haber 2016). Variable aspects in this sense are referred to different employee behavior and different standard method, which finally end up in making unstandardized working culture. Therefore, it can be understood that the in one hand, mass production, standardized products and efficiency for success are interrelated, on the other it could be perceived that each of these facets can be only drawn successfully through one best way, which is the scientific way. Not in Favor Types of Production Procedures On the contrary, to the favorable aspects and argument presented in the above section for the hypothetical statement, it is to opine that the premise of business organization in present scenario is prone to flexibility. In other words, it may be said that an organization can run successful only when it earns the natural ability to adapt. Therefore, flexibility has now become the key to success (Bonaim et al. 2013). Hence, it is not an agreeable fact that organization should adhere to only one possible way. For instance, it should be kept in mind that flexibility is required due to different kinds of production procedure. As per the standpoint of Cognitive theory, business enterprises are unique in terms of production as every organization irrespective of their production type, faces intense challenges from the external and internal environments (El-Haber 2016). On the other hand, production procedures alter due to different organizational goals. Therefore production has extended from being solely mass productive to lean. Contrary to mass production, which opens up door for rampant wastages, lean production is established to remove the negative side of mass production. The attempt to improvise the existing production process is considered as one of the most convenient way to make management and labor more efficient (Yang et al. 2015). Therefore, it is to perceive that there is certainly no single way for management. Technical System It is to denote in this purpose that when there are different kinds of production procedures, there should be different types of technical systems. According to Burton et al. (2015), in an era where industrial growth is advancing with rampant technical discoveries, staple technical frame for business operations and production could not be acceptable. On the other hand, judging from the theoretical standpoint of contingency, success of management depends on the managements ability to change its operations according to varied situations. An organization is bound to change or modify its existing technical system for implementing new procedures for employee training, which necessary to increase the employees capacity for creativity (Hayes 2014). For instance, when a company required converting its production style from mass to lean production, it certainly needs to adopt the concept of flexible machinery, which instead of being devoted and integrated with a single task can be reprogramme d with multiple procedures of business. Optimal Structure of Organizations This particular phrase refers to the power of befitting into the distinct needs and goals of an organization. It is regard in this context that a successful organization structure could be accomplished only when the structure would fit into the current needs and situation of the organization. As per Bschgens et al. (2013), flexibility is probably the only constant aspect of business organizations in the present times. Here again, it is to say that an organization could not stay negligent about the significance of utilizing the concept of flexibility. Therefore, optimization of a business culture and more specifically the structure could be driven through acceptance of rapid change in both internal and external environment. For example, when an organization encounters recession which is an external circumstance, it essentially requires making huge changes in the production, marketing, finance and employee management policies in terms of organizational change. In a situation of recessi on or in pivotal internal crisis like employee mutiny and technical failure could not be managed with a traditional and staple way of management. Optimization of a business in such a situation could be acquired by changing the existing policies (Burton et al. 2015). Most importantly, optimization to this extent is applicable for both mass and lean production. Type of Goals As stated by De Spiegelaere et al. (2012), optimization or success of business is dependable upon organizational goals or mission. The production style in this case matters strongly as organizational aim is fundamentally related with production and revenue instead of fruitful brand image and brand loyalty. It is to jot down in this respect that organizational goals are prone to fluctuation as per the altering attribute of the target market. Rudimentary types of organizational goals are long terms goals and short term goals. An organization generally changes its age old long term goals when the enterprise realizes that their staple customer group has changed or the company itself is running in loss. Operational strategies taken in time of having long terms goals would not be befitted in the process of accomplishing short terms goals. In this context, it is to state that technical modification and structural change are mostly found determined by the changing buying behavior of the targ et audience. It is to keep in mind in this sense that buying behavior of customers alters due to cultural, economic and political change. Therefore, it is understandable that organizational goal is subjected to all of these mentioned aspects. With this realization, it is to indicate that with only one particular operational strategy a company cannot fruitfully change or modify its goals. Type of Employees An organization generally holds different types of employees, such as full-time, half time, probationary and casual. In the words of Pinsky (2014), it is generally mistaken that an organizations strategic policies for its human resource management does not need any variation according to different types of employees. Successful labor engagement is possible when an organization satisfies its employees according to their needs. Expectation of a full time worker will not be similar with the expectation of half time workers. Therefore, human resource managements require possessing different policies regarding wage flexibility and numerical flexibility. Numerical flexibility requires to be applied for representing the just-in-time principles regarding the deployment of the department of human resource. On the other side, wage flexibility is essential for satisfying different employees. Satisfaction of the workforce is final determinant of optimization of business culture. Therefore, with one particular notion of human resource management could prove detrimental for a companys relation with its employees. Uncertain Business Environment A business organization is always subjected to its external and internal business environment. Uncertainty related to business environment refers to uncertain situation of political environment, employee relations and customer expectation. These three particulars are the predominant factors for every business organization irrespective of its goals and structure. Therefore, it is easy to assume that the necessity of flexibility in management is standing on the uncertainty of a companys external environment (Dutta et al. 2016). Hence, again it is true that keeping in mind about the uncertainty, an enterprise could not just adopt only one best way for management. Conclusion From the entire discourse above, it can be understood that the concept of having only one best way for management has been useful and successful in the time of industrial revolution. However, in present context, considering different kinds of organizational structure along with varied organizational goal and different employees, an organization cannot accomplish its expectation by optimizing only one strategic standpoint. More elaborately, from the part, which has worked in favor for the statement that says there is only one-way for management, it seems that for acquiring standardized product an organization only requires to increase labor efficiency. Therefore, here it can be said that standardization of product is only gained through one particular way. On the contrary, from the next segment that has contradicted the argument, it can be deduced that single way management does not befit with different types of production procedure. From this part, it is understandable that organizat ional success depends on every organizations ability to maintain flexibility or the capacity to stay adaptable for any circumstances. Moreover, from the study it is easy to underpin that one single technical framework could not afford different operational frameworks. References Baud-Lavigne, B., Agard, B. and Penz, B., 2012. Mutual impacts of product standardization and supply chain design.International Journal of Production Economics,135(1), pp.50-60. Available at: https://www.mgi.polymtl.ca/agard/fr/publications/doc/2012/2012_IJPR-Baud-Lavigne-Agard-Penz.pdf [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Bonaim, A.A., Hankins, K.W. and Harford, J., 2013. Financial flexibility, risk management, and payout choice.Review of Financial Studies, p.hht045. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jarrad_Harford/publication/228204620_Financial_Flexibility_Risk_Management_and_Payout_Choice/links/00b49529ae43e4de72000000.pdf [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Burton, R.M., Obel, B. and Hkonsson, D.D., 2015.Organizational design: A step-by-step approach. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://www.langtoninfo.com/web_content/9780521617338_frontmatter.pdf [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Bschgens, T., Bausch, A. and Balkin, D.B., 2013. Organizational culture and innovation: A meta?analytic review.Journal of product innovation management,30(4), pp.763-781. Available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/39961909/Organizational_Culture_and_Innovation_-_Meta_Analysis.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEAExpires=1482222101Signature=XOFZW%2BmHLZUjgTGRpOT4WF1zPZU%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DOrganizational_Culture_and_Innovation_A.pdf [Accessed on 10-12-2016] De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G. and Hootegem, G.V., 2012. Job Design and Innovative Work Behavior: One size does not fit all types of employees.Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI),8(4), pp.5-20. Available at: https://repozytorium.wsb-nlu.edu.pl/bitstream/handle/11199/162/De%20Spiegelaere%20Stan%20i%20in.,%20JEMI.pdf?sequence=2 [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Dutta, S.K., Lawson, R.A. and Marcinko, D., 2016. A Conceptual Foundation for Management Accounting Information to Support Sustainability Strategies.Advances in Accounting,31(1). Available at: https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=952112098007006069103076028021099024031086037020053013069083082065096028112124102087055031099031027019034093126092124092002007033047002081054080081100116122104029039076022117012090118086110002010080090027064115001109102081114096118082091070015085116EXT=pdf [Accessed on 10-12-2016] El-Haber, N., 2016. MGT1FOM, Foundations of Management, McGraw-Hill Education. Available at: https://latrobe.rl.talis.com/lists/CB571774-C55A-7A7F-E1CB-F1B68127A441.pdf [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=-jMdBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=The+theory+and+practice+of+change+management.+ots=50Zg7rmDPrsig=6lp4v44f28zeVFrqANvTOM09iio#v=onepageq=The%20theory%20and%20practice%20of%20change%20management.f=false [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Marsh, P., 2012.The new industrial revolution: consumers, globalization and the end of mass production. Yale University Press. Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/new-industrial-revolution-consumers-globalization-and-end-mass-production [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Pinsky, M.R., 2014. Clinical Trials without conceptual foundation may produce flawed results for the management of fluid therapy in the critically ill.British journal of anaesthesia, p.aeu143. Available at: https://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/05/31/bja.aeu143.full [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Smith, C. ed., 2012.Insect colonization and mass production. Elsevier. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=YnrxyRp7n5wCoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Insect+colonization+and+mass+productionots=PuRhGU9KOgsig=C0Tt40qwASBClOHkZYLIzoIZ95U#v=onepageq=Insect%20colonization%20and%20mass%20productionf=false [Accessed on 10-12-2016] Yang, J., Zhang, F., Jiang, X. and Sun, W., 2015. Strategic flexibility, green management, and firm competitiveness in an emerging economy.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,101, pp.347-356. Available at: https://tarjomefa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/5166-English.pdf [Accessed on 10-12-2016]

Monologue for Educating Rita free essay sample

Frank is wearing shorts, a short sleeved shirt and a handkerchief with tied corners on his head looking every inch the out of place, quintessential British man on holiday, slightly sweaty and flustered from the Australian heat. The study is small and untidy but quite reminiscent of his office back in England. Frank starts to unpack his belongings, putting books into shelves, he starts smiling oddly at a new copy of Roger McGoughs poems, he opens the book and reads the inscription aloud; Frank: Im gonna be dead clever ear and say ‘Education is not the filling of a bucket, but the lighting of a fire. W B Yeats. You lit my fire Frank. Maybe youll understand this now Rita Frank: W B Yeats, Thanks for reminding me Rita ‘The Wild Swans at Coole’ springs to mind again! The musings of a middle aged man like myself. I lost the appetite for being a poet long ago and now all I have left is nothing except the acrid taste of whisky in my mouth. We will write a custom essay sample on Monologue for Educating Rita or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Stage directions – Franks voice trails off with a sigh. He places the book on his desk with a small smile and continues to unpack. Unpacks the nude painting. Examines the painting and laughs. Frank – Ha look at those tits! Stage directions – Hangs painting on the wall, stares for a while musing with his hands on his hips then walks over to the window, sitting on the ledge looking outside, pondering. Frank – My, how I was intellectually seduced by her. She never conformed to what students were meant to be, let alone a woman! She never had a classical education yet she was incredibly intelligent without realising it, I fell in love with that, I found that an enduring and rare quality that I wanted to nature. But I had to make her conform to pass her exams, I never wanted to, I never wanted to take away the bit about her that I loved in order to achieve what she wanted, that was selfish of me, I called her my Frankenstein! Stage directions – Bangs fist on table. But I thought she was losing part of her innate brightness and original thought and that was never my intention, I wanted to keep that, to nature that and see her grow beyond the constricting confines of educational bureaucracy! What questions remain unanswered? What questions remain unasked? Why do we live our lives with our true feelings hidden away, a fear imposed upon us through fear of failure and rejection? I know why she is always running around in my mind, it is because she is meant to be there. Never have I encountered such voracious and vociferous yet simply beautifully intendant woman not content with the chains society had imposed on her, she reminded me of a song bird in a cage, waiting to be freed, I’d like to think that I helped, she certainly helped me. Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back. Those who wish to sing always find a song. At the touch of a lover, everyone becomes a poet. I feel like a poet again! She said I lit her fire? Was she hoping that would be reciprocal? Because it is, I think she knows that she ignited my passions again and I did not thank her enough, I was foolish in my coyness, was she my last chance at true love? Maybe the poets are right, maybe love is the only answer? Stage directions – Frank goes to poor himself a drink but resists, slowly puts down his glass on the table and walks towards the door. Frank – No! I think Frost can help me here; Stage directions – Frank looks up longingly and with thought. Frank I think I shall be telling this with a sigh somewhere ages and ages hence, Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less travelled by, and that, has made all the difference Stage directions – Goes to try the door, but its stuck, he steps back admiring the door Frank – It looks like there are some things you just can not escape. Stage directions – Barges the door open with his shoulder and exits the room End Commentary Structure Examine contextual background Own awareness of adult education Nelson Mandela said Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world But conversely Oscar Wilde stated that Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught As a mature student I can see the value of both, the lessons that experience has taught me and the knowledge gained from education and it is through continued education that drives me towards my goals and I have the experience and passion to get there, something sometimes lacking in a less mature mind. Rita sought education to create a better life for herself and through that pursuit found herself and a friend. She helped Frank possibly realise that he wasn’t so useless after all and got the education she so desired. Comment on my choice of content and what it shows about frank and how he changes over the play Rita is a working class Liverpudlian and aspires to a higher social and academic level so that she may have choices and Frank is a disillusioned alcoholic and failed poet with slowly diminishing choices. As Rita progresses, Russell uses a range of dramatic techniques and tensions between the two characters to explore themes of the personal, class, relationships, gender, dependence, superiority and education, and the structure shows a clear crossover within their respective roles. I felt I needed to convey this change and crossover in my monologue, that bitter sweet feeling of nostalgia, of choices and chances not taken, that black comedy and almost Shakespearian tragedy that we are left with at the end of the play, of a chance of love lost. I wanted to show the emotional change within Frank and the passion that Rita had reignited. Comment on my choice of speech, style, vocabulary Frank has a wide lexicon and vast knowledge of classic English literature. I wanted to include references to this literature knowledge with material already discussed in the play (Roger McGoughs, W B Yeats) to keep in character and theme and also some outside material such as Robert Frost to show his love of poetry is still somewhat alive. In choosing to write a monologue for Frank I was aware that to convey these aspects of his character I needed to continue this style. He is not without humour though, all be it dry and sarcastic, and I needed to include that classic English gentleman wit to carry on Franks style and for the audience to be able to recognise him as his character. Comment on my planned impact on the audience I wanted to show what I thought Franks true feelings were for Rita and finally accepting the truth to himself, yet being true to his nature and not immediately doing anything about it and still leaving his undisclosed love unanswered. A small insight into his thoughts as a whole on Rita, something we do not get to hear about from the play. I wanted to show that as Frank helped Rita, she also helped him, re-lighting his passion for writing. Keeping the audience guessing at the end of the scene is again keeping in nature with the open end of the play, leaving the audience to create their own images about where he could possibly be going.

Rotary Rock Tumbler Instructions

Rotary Rock Tumbler Instructions The most common type of rock tumbler is a rotary drum tumbler. It polishes rocks by simulating the action of the ocean waves. Rotary tumblers polish rocks much more quickly than the ocean, but it still takes some time to go from rough rocks to polished stones! Expect the process to take at least a month from start to finish. Use these instructions as a starting point for your tumbling. Keep records of the type and quantity of rock and grit/polish, and duration of each step. Use this information to refine your technique for the best results. Rock Tumbler Materials List Rotary tumblerRocks (all the same approximate hardness in a load)Plastic PelletsSilicon Carbide Grits (You may add a 400 mesh SiC step, if desired, before polishing)Polishing Compounds (e.g. alumina, cerium oxide)Lots of Water How To Use a Rock Tumbler Fill the barrel 2/3 to 3/4 full of rocks. If you dont have enough rocks, you can add plastic pellets to make up the difference. Just make sure to use those pellets only for coarse polishing and use new pellets for the polishing stages. Keep in mind that some plastic pellets float, so make sure you add them to the proper volume before  adding water.Add water so that you can see it between the stones but do not completely cover the stones.Add grit (see chart below).Make sure your charged barrel falls within the weight allowance for the rotor to be used.Each step runs for at least a week. For the first step, remove the barrel after 12-24 hours and open it to release any gas buildup. Resume tumbling. Dont be afraid to open the barrel periodically to make sure a slurry is forming and to check the progress of the process. The tumbler should have a uniform tumbling sound, not sound like tennis shoes in a dryer. If the tumbling is not uniform, check the level of the load, formation of slur ry, or mixture of rock sizes, to make sure these things are optimal. Keep notes and have fun! Let the rough grind (60/90 mesh for hard stones, start with the 120/220 for soft stones) run until all of the sharp edges have been knocked off the stones and they are pretty smooth. You can expect to lose about 30% of each stone during the tumbling process, with almost all of the loss during this first step. If the stones are not smoothed after 10 days, you will need to repeat the step with fresh grit.After a step has been completed, rinse the stones and the barrel thoroughly to remove all traces of the grit. I use an old toothbrush to get into the hard-to-reach areas. Set aside any stones that are broken or have pits or cracks. You can add them to the first step of the next batch of stones, but they will diminish the quality of all of your stones if you leave them in for the next step.For the next step, you again want the rocks to fill the barrel 2/3 to 3/4 full. Add plastic pellets to make up the difference. Add water and grit/polish and proceed. The keys to success are making cer tain there is no contamination of steps with grit from the previous step and avoiding the temptation to move on to the next step too early. Barrel Grit Mesh 60/90 120/220 Prepolish Polish 1.5# 4 T 4 T 6 T 6 T 3# 4 T 4 T 6 T 6 T 4.5# 8 T 8 T 10 T 10 T 6# 10 T 12 T 12 T 12 T 12# 20 T 20 T 25 T 25 T Helpful Tips for Perfectly Polished Rocks Do not overload your tumbler! This is a leading cause of belt breakage and motor burn-out. When in doubt, weigh your barrel. A barrel for a 3-lb motor should not exceed a weight of 3 pounds when charged with rocks, grit, and water.Oil the tumbler bushings with a single drop of oil, but do not overdo it! You do not want oil on the belt, as this will cause it to slip and break.Resist the temptation to tumble rocks with cracks or pits. Grit will get into these pits and contaminate subsequent steps, ruining the polish of the entire load. No amount of scrubbing with a toothbrush will remove all of the grit inside a pit!Use a balanced load that includes both large and small rocks. This will improve the tumbling action.Make sure all rocks in a load are of the same approximate hardness. Otherwise, the softer stones will be worn away during the polishing process. An exception to this is when you are purposely using softer stones to fill/cushion a load.Dont wash grit down the drain! It will cr eate a clog that is impervious to drain cleaner. I rinse the grit steps outside using a garden hose. Another option is to rinse the grit into a bucket, for later disposal somewhere other than your plumbing. Dont reuse grit. Silicon carbide loses its sharp edges after about a weeks tumbling time and becomes useless for grinding.You can reuse plastic pellets, but take care to avoid contaminating the polishing stages with grit. Use separate plastic pellets for these stages!You can add baking soda, Alka-Seltzer, or a Tums to a load to prevent gas build-up.For smooth river rocks or for any softer stones (e.g. sodalite, fluorite, apatite), you may omit the first coarse grit step.For softer stones (especially obsidian or apache tears), you want to slow the tumbling action and prevent the stones from impacting each other during polishing. Some people have success adding corn syrup or sugar (twice as much as the amount of prepolish and polishing agent) to thicken the slurry. Another option is to polish the stones dry (as in no water) with cerium oxide and oatmeal. Are you interested in using a vibratory tumbler to polish rocks? Then try these instructions instead.

Summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Summary and response - Essay Example No shooting has occurred in recent times and men were laid back in informal gear and are generally having a relaxed time before they jumped into battle on this day. The American soldiers at Restrepo (one of the American bases) then witness an Afghani soldier, alongside the author, crawl to his death on the mountainside; and celebrate. This disturbs the author and he begins to explain the effects this type of experiences has on the American soldier; that according to him, no one seems to be paying enough attention to. He says that some of these men have died at war, and they together with the society they come from never take time to evaluate the real effects of sacrificing themselves for their country. In the author’s view, the country should at least do this for the soldiers. The men lack mentors, necessary physiological needs etc. and have all learnt to embrace this life they lead. It is their source of excitement and they discuss it often with everyone but the public. In th e author’s view, the important thing in war is survival. The fear of going back to rejoin society’s normal way of life appears boring and even sad. I would like to respond to the author’s idea that the soldiers are not bothered by death at the battlefield and the psychological effects are immense. In the past this may have been possible but the American government began employing the use of clinical psychologists to deal with such effects. The clinical psychologist gets to work with the soldiers themselves as well as with their families. This greatly reduces the effects this has on their psyche. I also believe that no one is forced to join the American army and this is a choice they should be prepared to live with. I, however, feel that it is a noble thing for these men and women to sacrifice so much for their country and they shouldn’t be made to feel as if they are suffering. The author describes

The 4As Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The 4As - Essay Example 4A’s always attempts to improve the agency business. With 750 members and 1250 branch offices, approximately 80% of 4A’s members are placed in all national advertising agencies. Virtually all of the large multinational agencies are members of the 4A’s. While at the same time, along with addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders, the organization fulfills its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as well. The association represents advertising agency business to public service work of the Advertising Council, Inc. and Spencer, AAAA Educational Foundation which offers allowances and fellowship to graduate multicultural learners studying advertising at college or graduate school levels. It also runs a group insurance and group pension/profit sharing plan for the benefit of employees in agencies. 4A’s has its individual composition of constitution, mission statement, by-laws and standards of practice approved by the Board of Directors along with membership together (American Association of Advertising Agencies, 2013). Mission and Purpose of 4A’s The mission of 4A’s is to improve and to strengthen the advertising agency business in the United States by counselling members on operations and management by offering collective experience of the many to each. It strives to establish high creativity and business standards by attracting quality workforce to the business. Considering itself as a management oriented agency, the association is focused on providing leadership, support and assistance to the advertising community in serious areas such as compensation, agency operation, talent management, business development, government policy and technology. The organization divides its purpose in short-term and long-term bases. Short-term goal includes endorsing friendly relations within the entire associated agencies and maintaining as well as preserving honesty along with fairness. Moreover, working with the govern ment and consumers on matters which affect advertising is also a key short-term goal. Long-term goal includes fostering social responsibility of advertising and marketing, and fostering scientific research along with innovation to continually improve advertising. Moreover, to provide their members with unlimited access to their full time team of information specialist, which helps a client to meet all the secondary research needs, such as industry statics, creative work, and demographic data, original research, surveys and white papers, comes under their prime purpose (American Association of Advertising Agencies, 2013; SlideShare Inc, 2013). Services Offered by 4A’s 4A’s provides insurance and pension/profit sharing plan for the welfare of their associates in agencies. The agency is mainly involved in planning, producing, creating advertisement and performing research along with selecting media. The 4A’s runs its own research departments. Consulting and advisor y services on a variety of management related topics, training and professional development programmes and research services, including access to specialists and numerous databases are a few more services offered by 4A’s. 4A’s devotes a part of its time and energy in facilitating government on matters that have an impact on advertising and marketing communication industry. It has committed a substantial effort in creating responsible practices in two vital areas, food and beverage related advertising to the children along

The impact of the Media on Teen Girls Body Image Essay Example for Free

The impact of the Media on Teen Girls Body Image Essay â€Å"Cosmetic makers have always sold (hope in a jar)- creams and potions that promise youth, beauty, sex appeal, and even love for the women who use them† (Postrel 125). Magazines are filled with digitally transformed images of models with amazing bodies, flawless skin and perfectly styled hair. Television advertisers push their products using the most attractive people with the perfect bodies. Television shows such as October Road and movies like Men or Shoes portray images of sexy, gorgeous woman who have it all; the handsome boyfriend or husband, the great job and amazing friends, while the chubby, not so attractive friend is usually there simply for comic relief. Also shows like the Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency on the Oxygen Network, is another perfect example of media influencing teen girls negatively. On this particular show she holds auditions for aspiring models to come before her and audition in order to gain representation by her Modeling Agency. Instead about 97% of these young girls are harassed and ridiculed on National TV. On this show there is no such thing as constructive criticism or putting it nicely. She points out every flaw, every physical feature that she feels needs to be fixed with plastic surgery or dieting. She even has gone so far as to saying â€Å"I will never accept a plus size model into this agency† (Rotchford 72). She has been known to call girls ugly and send many on occasion crying and running for the door. â€Å"Her show is rated number 1 on the Oxygen Network† (Rotchford 72). This kind of message is sending young girls the impression that in order to be beautiful like a model and be accepted by society that you have to have a flawless face and thin perfect body and at any cost necessary. The music industry has followed this pattern as well. Music videos (especially of the Hip-Hop category) are usually filled with woman wearing next to nothing, dancing erotically, and having their body parts zoomed in on by the cameras. This kind of music is extremely popular in younger generations, so when these music videos are being seen by them, then these scenes are going to be viewed as being cool as well. Girls will think that that is the type of look I need to have in order to be popular and cool. Teenagers are conditioned to believe that advertisements and media reflect the world. Throughout time the ideal of beauty has differed. During the Renaissance, a beautiful woman was more full figured and pale skinned. â€Å"This reflected her station of rank in society† (Eco 212). Her size indicated she had enough to eat and her pale skin showed she did not have to work to sustain a living. During the 1920’s, the image of beauty changed. Woman wore their hair bobbed, had slender figures and preferred to have smaller breasts. â€Å"The 1950’s brought more changes with the introduction of icons like Marilyn Monroe† (Eco 306). Women wanted to be full figured, very curvy with platinum hair and plenty of sex appeal. As times changed and society’s ideals of beauty changed, one thing remained the same, the pursuit of beauty and perfection. The most obvious victim of the media stereotyping is young girls. Unrealistic images of beauty and perfection bombard these girls through television, magazines and movies. A study was performed to examine the effects of exposure of the media ideals of body image on women, and to determine if it would affect their self-esteem, body satisfaction, start eating disorder symptoms, and maybe change the level of internalization of the thin ideal. â€Å"Women in the experimental group reported lower self-esteem after being exposed to the thin-ideal images compared to the women who viewed neutral images† (Hawkins, Granley, Richards, and Stein 44). â€Å"Moreover, in some cases, feelings of body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem may lead adolescents seeking self-improvement to increase their media consumption—resulting in a vicious circle of media exposure, internalization of sociocultural ideals, social comparison with unrealistic images, and further erosion of body satisfaction and self-esteem. Indeed one 13 year old girl in the current study commented that â€Å"magazines are going to exploit the fact that teenagers are often unhappy with themselves† (Clay, Vignoles and Dittmar 473). The media dictates what is considered fashionable, the popular hair styles or trends. Images of thin, leggy models in short skirts, shorts and tiny swimsuits having fun, flirting and getting attention from men visually show what is considered to be beautiful. If a girl does not fit into the mold, she may begin to have self-doubt, or body satisfaction issues. â€Å"Idealized images are an influential source of pressure to meet the thin idea† (Monro and Huon 89). Society is obsessed with perfection. It is evident in the number of women choosing to undergo cosmetic surgery in the attempt to attain the perfect body, nose, figure and smile. â€Å"We found that girls who engage in more appearance-related discussions and imitation of others had lower appearance satisfaction† (Dohnt and Tiggean 9). â€Å"We found that girls who watched television shows with an appearance emphasis, such as Friends or Rage, we less satisfied with their appearance. Shows such as soap operas and music television slips that present women as thing attractive, and sometimes provocatively dressed, have also been correlated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in adolescents† (Dohnt and Tiggean 10). Advertisement Agencies have been questioned about why they only advertise their products with a certain types of models. The answer from each agency was usually almost always the same each time. â€Å"Sexy sells and everyone wants to be beautiful, so we sell our products to the world using beautiful people. This shows the population that beauty is within their grasp and that they too can obtain it† (Monroe 160). Janice Dickinson who is also in the media has stated that â€Å"she says no to plus size models in her agency† (Rotchford 72). â€Å"We live in America, aren’t we allowed to do what we want with our own businesses? I own this agency; if I don’t want fat ugly models representing it then that’s my right† (Rotchford 70). Miss Dickinson has a point, but she fails to realize what her actions and her show is reflecting on to young girls. Young girls live in an appearance-focused society, where images of perfection are broadcast in every form of media. Girls are developing low self-esteem, eating disorders, and are striving to obtain perfection and acceptance. And the kind of media that we have is doing nothing but fueling this fire that has been burning rapidly for a long time. If young girls are not offered a more realist image of beauty, they will continue to be dissatisfied with their appearance and suffer from low self-esteem. There have been some developments recently to try and change this pattern. â€Å"In the past few years marketers at Dove have added some new and improved enticements† (The Atlantic, The Truth About Beauty 125). The new campaign declares that every woman is beautiful and ignoring imperfections indicates self-esteem. â€Å"Oprah covered the story, and so did the Today show. Dove’s campaign, wrote Advertising Age, â€Å"undermines the basic proposition of decades of beauty-care advertising by telling women—and young girls—they’re beautiful just the way they are† (The Atlantic, The Truth About Beauty 125). Imagine, a beauty-care company selling their products not by enticing young girls with unrealistic images of women who achieved perfection by using their products, but by showing women and young girls they are beautiful to being with and can accentuate their beauty by using their products. Dove expanded the definition of beauty without losing the concept. This was a novel approach that seems to be catching on. Every girl deserves to feel beautiful, smart, important and secure. Another Dove campaign focuses on young girls insecurities about their appearance. â€Å"Every girl deserves to feel good about herself and see how beautiful she really is† (The Atlantic, The Truth About Beauty 127). Television shows are beginning to follow in the same example as the Dove campaign. One such show is Ugly Betty, which is about a young woman from Queens who doesn’t fit the standard media beauty and works for a fashion magazine where everyone is image obsessed. Instead of conforming to the standards of her co-workers, Betty maintains her integrity and shows that being a kind, smart, and caring person is what makes you truly beautiful. As time passes, people begin to see that Betty’s beauty does not lie in her physical appearance but in her spirit and compassion. If images like this continue, more girls will begin to see that their own inner strength, self-assuredness, and integrity are more beautiful than the images that you see splashed across any fashion magazine or TV show. These are real qualities that any girl can obtain. Society is always going to have its own opinion of what beauty is. And this will always be perpetuated through media. If we start recognizing the impact that the media has on the self-esteem of young girls, and instead present strong, confident, and capable women achieving their goals, then young girls will being to believe that the image of beauty has a new face—theirs.